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Temples of India Project Team
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Bikaner
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Sumatinatha
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- Description:
- The Shikhara (superstructure) of the Adinatha Temple is built in the Nagara style, albeit an abbreviated one. The mulshringa of the shikhara has a pratyangas or prati shikharas emanating from it. These are complemented by miniature shikharas at the base of the main shikhara. The shikhara is painted in white and the ornamentation details are defined with gold paint. The base of the cardinal faces of the shikhara has deep empty niches, similar to the shikhara of the Bhandasar Temple.
- Keyword:
- Bikaner, 16th century CE, Raos of Bikaner, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Sumatinatha, Architecture, Tirthankara, Bada Bazaar, Rao Lunkaran, Temple, Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, Rajasthan, Rathore Dynasty, and Jain
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 02-06-2024
- Date Modified:
- 02-06-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The ninth oval painting (in clockwise order) in the lower/outer circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) is difficult to decipher. It appears to depict a sleeping couple, with a snake near the leg of the man. Outside the haveli (mansion) which houses this couple, there is an armed figure that looks like a soldier or guard in uniform.
- Keyword:
- Bikaner, 16th century CE, Raos of Bikaner, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Sumatinatha, Architecture, Tirthankara, Bada Bazaar, Rao Lunkaran, Temple, Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, Rajasthan, Rathore Dynasty, and Jain
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 02-06-2024
- Date Modified:
- 02-06-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The fifth oval painting (in clockwise order) in the lower/outer circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) is the episode where Jinadatta Suri saved the life of an unwell child brought to him by two women. The episode takes place outside a haveli, probably near the place where the acharya (those who impart knowledge) is meditating. The acharya is shown blessing the child by placing his palm on the child’s head. The inscription reads, ‘Shri Jinadatta Suriji balak jivayo.’
- Keyword:
- Bada Bazaar, 16th century CE, Bikaner, Raos of Bikaner, Architecture, Tirthankara, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, Sumatinatha, Jain, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Temple, Rajasthan, Rathore Dynasty, Rao Lunkaran, and Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 02-06-2024
- Date Modified:
- 02-06-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The painting in the inner/upper circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) likely depicts the story of Chandakaushika Nag and Mahavir. According to the tale, as Mahavir travelled through a forest, a snake named Chandak blocked his path. However, Mahavir instead of being scared of him stood at the place firmly. Chandak bit the Tirthankara, yet the latter remained calm, intending no harm to the snake. This story intends to teach everyone the importance of controlling anger and cultivating compassion. Mahavir has a divine halo behind his head, painted in golden colour. A temple dedicated to the snake is shown at the background of the painting. The inscription from this painting is not entirely legible, but it certainly includes the name of Mahavir Swami.
- Keyword:
- Rao Lunkaran, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, Rathore Dynasty, Temple, Bada Bazaar, 16th century CE, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Tirthankara, Raos of Bikaner, Sumatinatha, Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture, Architecture, and Jain
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 31-05-2024
- Date Modified:
- 31-05-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The fourteenth oval painting (in clockwise order) in the lower/outer circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) is another story about the miracle of Jinadatta Suri. Once, somewhere in Gujarat, with the evil intent of troubling the Jains, some people placed a cow in front of the Jain Temple. Jinadatta Suri, using his powers, placed the cow in front of the Shiva Temple. Interestingly, the Hindu temple, with a Shiva linga inside, is shown with a domical spire, while the Jain Temple is shown with a Tirthankara enshrined in it, featuring a multi-spired roof. The painting includes two cows, one sitting in front of the Jain Temple, and the other standing in front of Jinadatta Suri. Jinadatta presumably also restored life to the cows. A disciple accompanies him. The inscription reads, ‘Shri Jinadatta Suri ji Gavu ji la hi.’
- Keyword:
- Rao Lunkaran, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, Rathore Dynasty, Temple, Bada Bazaar, Architecture, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Tirthankara, Raos of Bikaner, Sumatinatha, Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture, 16th century CE, and Jain
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 31-05-2024
- Date Modified:
- 31-05-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The sixth oval painting (in clockwise order) is in the lower/outer circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) of the Bhandasar Temple. Here is another episode depicting the acharya’s (those who impart knowledge) miraculous powers in saving lives. Two disciples are shown seeking help from the acharya, who is then depicted granting them the necessary assistance. The inscription reads, ‘Shri Jinadatta Suriji anas ro ji vayo.’
- Keyword:
- Rao Lunkaran, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, Rathore Dynasty, Temple, Bada Bazaar, Architecture, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Tirthankara, Raos of Bikaner, Sumatinatha, Jain, 16th century CE, and Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 31-05-2024
- Date Modified:
- 31-05-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The story of the painting in the inner/upper circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) revolves around Mahavir Swami's stringent fasting conditions, which required specific circumstances for accepting food. Chandanbala, formerly known as Princess Vasumati, fulfilled these conditions despite enduring hardships as a slave after being separated from her royal family. The haveli (mansion) in which the princess is depicted sitting reflects significant European architectural influence. Mistreated by a merchant’s wife, Chandanbala’s compassionate nature led her to offer lentils to Mahavir Swami, breaking his prolonged fast. This act of devotion resulted in her liberation from chains and being adorned with celestial riches. Recognized as Princess Vasumati, she was warmly received back into royalty by King Shaitanik and Queen Mrugavati, eventually receiving spiritual initiation from Mahavir Swami. The inscription reads, ‘Chandanbal Mahavir Shwami.’
- Keyword:
- Raos of Bikaner, Jain, Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture, Tirthankara, Architecture, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Rathore Dynasty, Sumatinatha, Rao Lunkaran, 16th century CE, Rajasthan, Temple, Bikaner, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, and Bada Bazaar
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 31-05-2024
- Date Modified:
- 31-05-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The painting in the inner/upper circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) represents Chaude Rajlok, a concept in Jain traditions and cosmology that signifies four celestial realms or heavenly abodes. These realms are regarded as higher spiritual dimensions in Jainism, representing stages of spiritual evolution and attainment of purity, leading to liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The painting has a pyramid with a Tirthankara positioned at its apex. The inscription reads, ‘Chaude Rajlok.’
- Keyword:
- Raos of Bikaner, Jain, Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture, Tirthankara, Architecture, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Rathore Dynasty, Sumatinatha, Rao Lunkaran, 16th century CE, Rajasthan, Temple, Bikaner, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, and Bada Bazaar
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 31-05-2024
- Date Modified:
- 31-05-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The tenth oval painting (in clockwise order) in the lower/outer circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) is an episode from the life of Jinadatta Suri. It is said that he subdued the bavan (fifty-two) Bhairava pirs (spiritual guides), who eventually became his servants. Jinadatta Suri is shown sitting in a van (forested area), and the four pirs representing the fifty-two Bhairav pirs are dressed like Hindu deities. As suggested by Lawrence Babb, this is indicative of the tussle between two religious factions, the Jains and the Shaivas. The inscription reads, ‘Shri Jinadatta Suri Ji 52 bir bulaye.’
- Keyword:
- Rao Lunkaran, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, Rathore Dynasty, Temple, Bada Bazaar, 16th century CE, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, Tirthankara, Raos of Bikaner, Sumatinatha, Jain, Architecture, and Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 31-05-2024
- Date Modified:
- 31-05-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image
-
- Description:
- The fourth oval painting (in clockwise order) in the lower/outer circle in the ceiling of the mandapa (pillared hall) is an episode about Jinachandra Suri’s life. The inscription on the viewer’s left side of the painting is lost, hence the exact episode is unknown. The painting depicts a Mughal official with his attendants bowing down to Jinachandra Suri, accompanied by his disciples, during a religious gathering. The acharya (those who impart knowledge) is seen pointing towards the sky, where lightning strikes. The episode is happening in front of a haveli. In the foreground of the painting, two Mughal officials, possibly sitting on horses, are depicted. A similar episode is found in the life of Jinadatta Suri, where he saves his followers from drowning in another part of the world, showcasing his knowledge and power. The remnant inscription reads, ‘Shri Jinachandra Suri ji.’
- Keyword:
- Raos of Bikaner, Jain, Shekhari Style of Temple Architecture, Tirthankara, Architecture, Seth Bhandasar Jain Temple, Rathore Dynasty, Sumatinatha, Bada Bazaar, 16th century CE, Rajasthan, Temple, Bikaner, Bhanda Shah ka Jain Mandir, and Rao Lunkaran
- Creator:
- Temples of India Project Team
- Contributor:
- Swapna Joshi
- Owner:
- tushar1.ayyar@jioinstitute.edu.in
- Publisher:
- Jio Institute
- Location:
- Bikaner
- Date Uploaded:
- 31-05-2024
- Date Modified:
- 31-05-2024
- Rights Statement Tesim:
- In Copyright
- Resource Type:
- Image