From the moment they are offloaded, fish can be kept fresh with the use of ice. Ice factories, typically found near the fish market, regularly manufacture large amounts of ice for commercial use.
Some Koli fisherwomen engage in door-to-door sales, walking through neighbourhoods with baskets of fresh fish to sell to residents. This direct approach allows them to reach customers who may not be able to visit the local fish market.
The simplest method of drying is sun drying, which is suitable considering Mumbai’s hot climate. After leaving the fish in the sun for several days, the heat and airflow gradually remove moisture. Once they are sufficiently dry, the fish are collected in baskets.
Dried fish is filtered to separate waste, which is collected and sold. Fish waste is composted into khad (organic fertilizer) for use in agriculture and horticulture. Fish-based fertilizers are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which promote plant growth and improve soil fertility.
Repurposing fish waste into valuable products and resources has not only minimized waste generation, reduced environmental pollution, and created economic opportunities—particularly for Koli women—but it has also contributed to a more sustainable and circular economy.
Winter is the ideal time of year to dry fish since there is a big market for high-quality dried fish. The dried fish trade peaks in September through November and is at its lowest in February through May.
Koli women get together to prepare, dry, sort, and package the fish at a designated location close to the coast. Open areas with plenty of sea breeze and sunlight are ideal for drying.
In Khar Danda Koliwada, it is common to see fish drying on lines, swaying gently in the breeze. The fish are strung together with twine and hung from hooks or lines.
The fish are spread evenly on the open ground, which is specially coated with cow dung. Cow dung contains antibacterial properties that help disinfect and sanitize surfaces. Coating floors with cow dung can help deter pests such as flies, mosquitoes, and ants, thereby reducing the risk of infestations and associated health hazards.